Introduction

The recurrent inability of Nigeria to conduct credible elections has long been a stumbling block to the nation’s democratic development. Few elections in the history of Nigeria’s democracy have generated as much anxiety and tension as the 2015 general elections.

As part of its mission to promote transparency and civic responsibility, Orient Foundation for Social Justice and Civic Education participated as one of the accredited Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to observe the Kogi State Governorship Election.

Orient Foundation has a commendable history in election observation, having monitored elections in Anambra State in 2011 and 2013. This experience provided a strong foundation for its monitoring work during the 2015 Kogi State election.

Methodology

For effective coverage, Orient Foundation trained 50 polling unit observers, including ward and local government coordinators, across Kogi State. Each observer received official identification, branded materials, and a 23-item checklist designed to ensure comprehensive monitoring of election activities.

The checklist focused on key areas such as:

  • Voter participation and behavior, assessing the level of public engagement and understanding of the process.
  • INEC performance, including the arrival of personnel and materials, accreditation, voting, counting, and announcement of results.
  • Political party conduct, especially regarding voter inducement or intimidation.
  • Security presence and effectiveness.
  • Accurate documentation of votes recorded at each polling station.

Observers were carefully selected for their integrity, fairness, and ability to report objectively. Their findings provided valuable insight into the conduct and credibility of the Kogi State Governorship Election.

Observations and Findings

INEC Performance

Logistics: INEC demonstrated significant improvement in logistics and early deployment. Most polling units received materials on time, and accreditation began promptly.

Process and Transparency: The conduct of officials showed notable progress, though a few cases of partisan compromise were reported.

Card Readers: While the use of card readers improved the process, technical issues and time delays were still common. In some cases, officials resorted to incident forms instead of the devices.

Officials: Some ad hoc staff lacked full understanding of the procedures and were occasionally influenced by party agents. The late assignment of some staff to polling stations also led to voter disenfranchisement in remote areas.

Voters: Voter turnout was notably lower than expected, reflecting general voter apathy compared to the earlier November 21st election. However, many voters demonstrated good understanding of the voting process.

Election Conduct: Incidents of voter inducement were observed across several polling stations. Party agents distributed refreshments and cash incentives, while some voters appeared more motivated by immediate rewards than civic duty.

Security

Security agents maintained relative neutrality and ensured compliance with movement restrictions. Although some appeared under-equipped in violent areas, the increased number of checkpoints helped reduce ballot box snatching and other disruptions.

Party Officials

Most party representatives behaved responsibly and followed INEC guidelines. However, instances of bribery and voter inducement, particularly by some PDP agents, were documented. The use of food vendors near polling units facilitated discreet exchange of money and refreshments for votes.

Conclusion

Based on observations, Orient Foundation concludes that the 2015 Kogi State Governorship Election was largely free, fair, and credible, reflecting the will of the people. Nevertheless, several issues remain:

  1. Training of INEC officials requires improvement, particularly regarding result display and adherence to procedures.
  2. Card reader functionality should be streamlined to prevent reliance on incident forms.
  3. Political interference and voter inducement remain concerning and undermine electoral credibility.
  4. Observer presence proved valuable in discouraging malpractice at polling units.
  5. The discrepancy between card reader data and recorded votes warrants attention to ensure electoral integrity.

Recommendations

  1. Expand the role of election observers to strengthen transparency and accountability.
  2. Enhance INEC training programs for both permanent and ad hoc staff.
  3. Intensify voter education, focusing on the long-term value of civic participation.
  4. Improve card reader systems to eliminate multiple voting and technical failures.
  5. Commendation to security agencies for maintaining order and professionalism during the election.
  6. Recognize INEC’s effort in improving logistics and transparency, while encouraging continuous improvement.

Conclusion

The 2015 Governorship Election in Kogi State marked a step forward in Nigeria’s democratic process. While challenges persist, the commitment of INEC, security agencies, civil society organizations, and the electorate demonstrates growing maturity in Nigeria’s electoral system.

Orient Foundation remains committed to advancing social justice, civic education, and electoral transparency across Nigeria.